Physiology of Dental Pulp
Physiology of Dental Pulp
- The pulp lives for the dentin and the dentin lives by the grace of the pulp.
- Formation of the dentin is the primary task of the pulp in both sequence and importance.
- From the mesodermal aggregation known as the dental papilla arises the specialized cell layer of odontoblasts adjacent and internal to the inner layer of the ectodermal enamel organ.
- Ectoderm interacts with mesoderm, and the odontoblasts initiate the process of dentin formation.
- Once under way, dentin production continues rapidly until the main form of the tooth crown and root is created. Then the process slows, eventually to a complete halt.
- Nutrition of the dentin is a function of the odontoblast cells and the underlying blood vessels.
- Nutrients exchange across the capillaries into the pulp interstitial fluid, which, in turn, travels into the dentin through the network of 
tubules created by the odontoblasts to contain their processes.
- Innervation of the pulp and dentin is linked by the fluid and by its movement between the dentinal tubules and peripheral receptors, and thus to the sensory nerves of the pulp proper.
- Defense of the tooth and the pulp itself has been speculated to occur by the creation of new dentin in the face of irritants.
- The pulp may provide this defense by intent or by accident; the fact is that formation of layers of dentin may indeed decrease ingress of irritants or may prevent or delay carious penetration.
- The pulp galvanizes odontoblasts into action or produces new odontoblasts to form needed hard tissue.
- The defense of the pulp has several characteristics.
- First, dentin formation is localized and produced at a rate faster than that seen at sites of non-stimulated primary or secondary dentin formation.
- Microscopically, this dentin is often different from secondary dentin and has earned several designations: irritation dentin, reparative dentin, irregular secondary dentin, osteodentin, and tertiary dentin.
- The type and amount of dentin created during the defensive response appear to depend on numerous factors.
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